Reveries of a radio amateur

Hi all, This post is all about frequency mixing , specifically double balanced mixers using diodes or ring mixers , commonly used in communication circuits . The circuit diagram of a ring mixer is given below . (Courtesy : Radio-electronics  ) Schematic of a double balanced mixer.  As you can see , this makes use of two transformers and a four diodes . For most of the HF work , switching diodes like 1N4148 suffice . However , for better performance Schottky diodes like 1N5711 can be made use of . For more information on the working of this mixer and construction aspects , I strongly recommend the excellent video by W2AEW on ring mixers given below .  So what I wish to explain in this video is a set of experiments carried out using a double balanced mixer which I shall call DB mixer for convenience :) The test gear consists of a DDS VFO , a crystal Colpitts oscillator , a variable  power supply , CRO , RTL-SDR and the PC sound card . The software tool...

Hello folks ! I never knew that overdriving double balanced mixers can actually reduce their very purpose of carrier suppression . I found this out while watching a video on microwave mixers . This problem was plaguing my Bitx40 , one of the reasons why I didn't put a linear stage on it and come on air . Instead of using its own LC VFO , I use a DDS VFO external to the Bitx40 . It had stupendous amount of carrier in its output . Trying to figure out the cause , I changed the diodes , rewound the transformers , but nothing worked out . However reducing the drive level alleviated the problem . After doing a few simulations of this in TINA-TI and obtaining the results , I did the same with the actual Bitx40 PCB . The CRO output looks much better now compared to the previous cases . The tests on a receiver too is encouraging as I can hear my sound as an SSB signal in it . Needless to say , the BFO stage has to be tuned to match the crystal filter's range to ensure best operation ...

HI all , In one of my previous posts , I explained how to receive ISS SSTV images (see  RECEIVING SSTV FROM ISS ! Steps involved in decoding when using MMSSTV ).Today I will describe reception of APT images from NOAA series of satellites using RTL-SDR dongles . The steps are outlined below . Record the WBFM signals from one of the NOAA weather sats ( NOAA 15,18 or 19) . You can use any of the satellite prediction software like Orbitron,GPredict etc to do the predictions . The recording can be done using any the SDR software like SDRsharp , HDSDR or GQRX . I use GQRX as my lab PC is Linux powered (see  Lab / Shack PC running Linux !  ) . The recording should be in .WAV format with the filter set tot the right bandwidth . Import the .WAV file into Audacity . Change the project rate to 11025 Hz and split the stereo track into two ( If u don't know audacity , this can be done by clicking the small arrow button near the tracks ) . Delete one of the tracks and make t...

Hi all, HEXFETs are quite popular with hams as HF linear stages . I too attempted to make some linear amps with them and that too with pretty promising results . Here is the outcome . The first FET that I tried was a IRF540 . The circuit used is given below . I had to place some component in TINA as a choke , so I put a 1m choke . In reality , I used a torroid with some 20 winding . I could pull some 2~3W into a 50 ohm dummy load ( which I used as a termination in front of the CRO ) at 1MHz , but at higher freq , power output dropped drastically . The power calculation was carried on the basis of the voltage that I measured across 50 ohm load . The voltage peak to peak was 40V . So that gives me around 2W power . Next , I'm gonna try IRF530 , IRF610 etc  

Hello all ! I recently homebrewed a Direct Digital Synthesis Variable Frequency Oscillator (DDS VFO) . The reason for this was quite strong.Almost all the VFOs that I had attempted suffered from stability issues.Besides,it was impossible to know the frequency of oscillation precisely and accurately (with atleast 100Hz precision).It was then I came to notice the AD9850 DDS modules in ebay.They are cheap,easy to use,stable and have a large tuning range (from ~1Hz to 40Mhz) which makes them a good alternative to analog VFOs.On another note,VU2MV,OM Venu once commented " You need the grace of God to make a stable analog VFO !". The VFO design is simple.I use an Arduino as the controlling board. The frequency tuning is carried out using four push buttons,arranged in a navigation button style. The code for Arduino and the inside view of VFO shall be posted soon along with the ckt diagram. For the time being,I'm posting the pics of the completed VFO and the video of its smok...

A very interesting mode in ham radio is SSTV and more interesting is the SSTV from ISS - the International Space Station ! Receiving the images from ISS is pretty simple . However many hams have some problems recording SSTV audio and decoding them using MMSSTV . My ham friends like OM Ramesh VU3RGB , OM Sulaiman VU3SMQ and OM Dhanesh VU3DHN encouraged me to make a blog post describing the various steps involved . 1) The first step is simple . Just tune to 145.800MHz in your VHF receiver and record the audio using some device like your smartphone,holding it near to your rig .It is better to use SDRs like RTLSDR to record audio using a computer. However my shack PC is QRT now , so ,I can't use SDR . Anyway be sure to use some excellent satellite tracking software like the Hamsatdroid (Android) or Orbitron (Windows) to guide you in tracking the ISS . 2) After recording , copy the recorded .amr file to your PC from phone . Use some tool to convert the amr to wav file . One excellen...